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Welcome ! Willkommen !

This is an index of all the persons introduced in the Darumapedia.


. Daruma Pilgrims Gallery .

. WKD : Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

. WKD : 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Basho and his friends .

. WKD SAIJIKI : Memorial Days of Famous People .


and many more



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Gabi Greve
June 2013


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Akkamura Shunsaku

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Akkamura Shunsaku 安家村俊作 "Shunsaku from Akkamura village"
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku

(1810 - 1837)
Also known as 茂右衛門 Moemon, he later changed his name to Shunsaku.
He was the eldest son of the village leader 佐々木茂右衛門.

安家村 Akkamura is a small remote village in 岩手県 Iwate prefecture. In 1956 it became part of Iwaizumi 岩泉町安家.

Shunsuke was the leader of two farmer's rebellions in the Nanbu Domain 南部三閉伊一揆.
He kept a diary about the events in his village, its bad treatment by the Nanbu regents and the ongoing famine for about 19 years, from 1830 till 1848.
He was one of the leaders of the two
Sanhei Ikki 三閉伊一揆 Sanhei Rebellions of 1847 and 1854
after a severe famine, walking with about 16000 farmers and fishermen all the way to the domaine of the Date 伊達 in Sendai, asking for help.

It all begun with blowing a horagaiほら貝 conch shell from a small hill in 田野畑村 Tanohata village. The sound was heard and passed on and the people begun to move South. They wore a small straw bags with food and even took a bowl with them.
Every village carried their own flag.
Some even had fire weapons (the matagi hunters), others bamboo spears and swords.

They went South along the Tohoku coast, via 宮古 Miyako, 大槌 Otsuchi, 釜石 Kamaishi and finally to the domaine of Sendai.
This was just three days after Perry had shown up with four "black ships" in Uraga, near Edo.
The rebels had a long list of demands they wanted to be granted from their new regent, not only including the farmers and fishermen, but also merchants, salt producers, cloth dyers and other businesses.
Eventually their 49 demands 四十九カ条の要求 were granted in written, 「安堵状」, 「御百姓」
At first, nobody was punished for the rebellion. But eventually just one, Shunsaku, had to be punished to "keep the law".

Shunsaku was punished with exile to 下北半島 Shimokita Hanto.
He was later pardoned and went to Hokkaido, where he lived under the name of
菊池政美 Kikuchi Masami.

Shunsuke had also been to Shikoku in 1842, and took the chance to walk the Henro pilgrimage, writing another diary, 西国巡礼道中記 .

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安家村俊作 三閉伊一揆の民衆像 Akkamura Shunsaku : Sanhei ikki no minshūzō
Chadani Jūroku 茶谷十六 Chadani Juroku (1941 - )

- quote
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku
1810-1873 江戸時代後期の農民。
- kotobank -

"安家村俊作とは 
安家村(あっかむら)は、昭和31年(1956年)まで岩手県下閉伊郡にあった村。現在の岩泉町安家にあたる。
- wikipedia -

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南部三閉伊一揆とは
四十九カ条の要求を実現
勤労人民の自覚と誇りが
一揆支えた自治と協同の力
- reference source : nouminren.ne.jp/dat - 新聞「農民」2002.9.16付

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俊作(菊地氏先祖代々)のお墓 Grave of Shunsaku and the Kikuchi family

安家村俊作 with photos (5)
俊作(菊地氏先祖代々)のお墓。
俊作の生家は安家村川口
『安家村俊作』 茶谷十六
『一揆の奔流』『一揆の奔涛』『いわいずみふるさとノート』 佐々木京一
- reference source : takuworld.blog15.fc2.com -

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. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #akkamura #akkamurashunsakuiwate - - -
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Kasane and Yoemon

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Kasane and Yoemon 累と与右衛門

A piece of real life, about a husband killing his wife and her revenge as a ghost.
This story later became a Kabuki play.



- quote
Meiboku Kasane Monogatari
The drama "Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki"
was premiered in the 7th lunar month of 1778 at the Nakamuraza [casting]. It had an influence on the evolutions of "Meiboku Sendai Hagi". Many scenes from "Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki" were integrated within "Meiboku Sendai Hagi".
"The play is based on a real event involving the Date clan of Sendai during the 1660's, but censorship prevented contemporary incidents being dramatized, so the drama was set during the Muromachi period (1336-1568), and names were changed to disguise the protagonists' identity."
(text courtesy of Jean Wilson 1998)
- - - Introduction
Kinugawa Tanizô, a sumôtori patronized by Lord Ashikaga Yorikane, assassinated the courtesan Takao, Yorikane's lover, in order to save him from his scandalous love affair about to bring ruin to his household. Kinugawa Tanizô succeeded in escaping and hid himself in the village of Hanyû. Disguising himself as a farmer and calling himself Yoemon, he married Kasane, the younger sister of both Takao and the tôfu maker Saburobei. Soon after their wedding, Kasane was cursed by Takao's evil spirit and her face was horribly disfigured. Kasane was not aware of the change, however, as Yoemon forbade her to use any mirror at home.
- snip -
Dobashi - The Earthen Bridge
When she arrives at the river bank near the earthen bridge, Kasane notices the approach of Kingorô and Princess Utakata. So she hides in a bush and overhears their conversation in which Kingorô persuades Princess Utakata to marry Yoemon. Yoemon arrives and asks Kingorô to hand over Princess Utakata. As he has not brought the 100 ryô, however, Kingorô refuses to comply and, being convinced that Yoemon is in fact Kinugawa Tanizô, threatens to betray him to the magistrate's office. As Kingorô runs off in the direction of the magistrate's office, Yoemon follows him in hot pursuit.



Kasane appears from the bush and, jealous of Princess Utakata who is going to marry her husband, attacks her with a sickle. Yoemon comes back and tries to stop Kasane and in so doing accidentally cuts her wife's throat with her sickle. When she dies her face miraculously recovers its original beauty.

The tôfu maker Saburobei, Kasane's elder brother, who has been hiding in a bush, appears and goes near his sister's body. Yoemon attempts to kill himself with the sickle to atone for the horrible murder of Kasane but is dissuaded by Saburobei. He cuts off Kasane's head and takes it to the magistrate's office to pass it off as that of Princess Utakata, who is wanted by the magistrate.
- source : kabuki21.com/kasane2



Utagawa Kunisada

「与右衛門 - 松本幸四郎」Yoemon - Matsumoto Koshiro
「累 - 尾上菊五郎」Kasane - Onoe Kikugoro


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source : mfa.org/collections/object/unuma-yoemon ...

Unuma: Yoemon and His Wife Kasane,
from the series Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidô Road (Kisokaidô rokujûkyû tsugi no uchi)
「木曾街道六十九次之内 鵜沼 与右ヱ門 女房累」
by Utagawa Kuniyoshi 1852


. Nakasendoo 中山道 Nakasendo Road - Kiso .
Gifu Prefecture
52. Unuma-juku 鵜沼宿 (Kakamigahara)


- quote -
Unuma-juku 鵜沼宿
was the fifty-second of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō.
It was also the last post station on the Inagi Kaidō. It is located in the present-day city of Kakamigahara, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The eastern and western portions of the old post town joined together to become a formal post town in 1651. Unuma-juku is approximately six kilometers from the preceding post town, Ōta-juku.


print by Keisai Eisen

The old post town contains such historical treasures as Kuan-ji Temple, the ancient tomb of Ishozuka, and haiku-engraved monuments left by Matsuo Bashō.
- source : wikipedia -

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. Edo Kabuki .

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .


. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Kasane カサネ / かさね
On the 11th day of the 8th month in 1647, Kasane was killed by her husband Yoemon at the river Kinugawa.
He later married again, but his wives were all killed by the jealous Yurei ghost-spirit of Kasane. His 6th wife bore him a child named 菊 Kiku, but this wife was also killed in September of 1671.



When Kiku was 13 years old, Kasane tried to possess Kiku, but was finally enlightened, healed from her jealousy and could pass on to the Buddhist Paradise.

- reference : nichibun yokai database -




死霊解脱物語聞書 - 江戸怪談を読む
小二田誠二 Konita Seiji (1961 - )

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rui, kasane 累(るい、かさね)

Yurei Attack!: The Japanese Ghost Survival Guide
By Hiroko Yoda, Matt Alt
O-Rui (Orui) お塁 (another reading for Kasane)
- Read the story at google books :
- source : Matt Alt, google books -

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- Reference - 累と与右衛門 -
- Reference - kasane yoemon -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #kasane #yoemon - - -
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Hanabusa Itcho

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Hanabusa Itchoo, Itchō 英一蝶 Hanabusa Itcho / Iccho
(1652 – 1724)


富士山図 Mount Fujisan seen from river 相模川 Sagamigawa

Hanabusa means "Flower Bouquet"
Itcho means "One Butterfly"

- quote
Hanabusa Itchō (英 一蝶, 1652 – February 7, 1724)
was a Japanese painter, calligrapher, and haiku poet. He originally trained in the Kanō style, under Kanō Yasunobu, but ultimately rejected that style and became a literati (bunjin). He was also known as Hishikawa Waō and by a number of other art-names.

Born in Osaka and the son of the physician Taga Hakuan, he was originally named Taga Shinkō. Hakuan was the official doctor for Lord Ishikawa of the Kameyama Clan in the Ise region.
Itcho studied Kanō painting with Kano Yasunobu, but soon abandoned the school and his master to form his own style, which would come to be known as the Hanabusa school.

In 1693 was arrested and thrown into jail.
He was exiled in 1698, for parodying one of the shogun's concubines in painting, to the island of Miyake-jima; he would not return until 1710. That year, in Edo, the artist would formally take the name Hanabusa Itchō.
In 1709 Shogun Tsunayoshi died, and in honor of the new government, Itcho was granted pardon to come back to Edo.

Most of his paintings depicted typical urban life in Edo, and were approached from the perspective of a literati painter. His style, in-between the Kanō and ukiyo-e, is said to have been "more poetic and less formalistic than the Kanō school, and typical of the "bourgeois" spirit of the Genroku period".
Hanabusa was the master of the later painter Sawaki Suushi.
Hanabusa
was a friend of haiku poet Kikaku and studied poetry under the master Matsuo Bashō, his haikai name was Gyoun.
He was an excellent calligrapher as well.
- source : wikipedia -

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Daruma 達磨


. Who is Daruma ? 達磨 だるまさん .
We have the story of a curtesan who commented about Daruma
"Well, he was sitting in quiet meditation for nine years, but we here have to sit and suffer in the Noisy Pleasure Quarters for more than ten years!"
The painter Hanabusa Itcho made a picture of the courtesan, which became the model of the Princess Daruma Dolls.


. Fujisan 富士山 Mount Fuji, Fuji-San .
Inrō in the Shape of Mount Fuji
18th–early 19th century - by Kajikawa School, based on a design by painter, calligrapher, and haiku poet Hanabusa Itchō (英 一蝶, 1652–1724).


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The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itchô, Artist-Rebel of EDO
(Japanese Visual Culture)
by Miriam Wattles


Miriam Wattles recounts the making of Hanabusa Itchô (1652-1724), painter, haikai-poet, singer-songwriter, and artist subversive, in The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itcho, Artist-Rebel of Edo.
Translating literary motifs visually to encapsulate the tensions of his time, many of Itch s original works became models emulated by ukiyo-e and other artists. A wide array of sources reveals a lifetime of multiple personas and positions that are the source of his multifarious artistic reincarnations. While, on the one hand, his legend as seditious exile appears in the fictional cross-media worlds of theater, novels, and prints, on the other hand, factual accounts of his complicated artistic life reveal an important figure within the first artists biographies of early modern Japan."
- source : amazon.com -


- quote M. Wattles : -
I have worked extensively on Hanabusa Itchô, someone lauded from the Edo period through to Taisho for being the father of giga, and so spent some time excavating “giga” as a genre of the Edo period. (Discused in my book, The Life and Afterlives of Hanabusa Itchô, 2013,
and in my essay “From Adverb to Noun: Some Thoughts on Hanabusa Itchô and the Instability of the ‘Giga’ Genre”
in Ota Shôko, ed, Edo no shuppan bunka kara hajimatta imeeji kakumei,” 2007)
- Follow the discussion here:
- source : PMJS listserve forum -

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source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals

Twelve Months: New Year
英一蝶十二カ月の内 正月 Hanabusa Iccho Jūnikagetu no Uchi Shōgatsu
Painted by Hanabusa Icchō / Hanabusa Itcho




nunozarashi 布晒し Nuno Sarashi Mai-zu - Dancing with Cloth





"The Falling Thunder God"

. kaminari 雷と伝説 Legends about Thunder and Lightning .





一休和尚酔臥図 Ikkyu, the priest, lying down drunk

寝並んで小蝶と猫と和尚哉
ne narande kochoo to neko to oshoo kana

sleeping in a row ...
the little butterfly, the cat
and this old priest


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

. oshoo 和尚 Buddhist priests in Haiku .

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. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art from Japan . 

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

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- Reference - 英一蝶 -
- Reference - hanabusa itcho -


. Authors and writers of the Edo period .

. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Kose Kanaoka

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Kosei no Kanaoka 巨勢金岡 / こせ の かなおか Kose Kanaoka
Kose no Kanaoka

( ? 802 — ? 897)



- quote
Kose Kanaoka was a proponent of the artistic styles of the Tang dynasty of China. Though few of his works have survived, he is known to have painted landscapes and portraits. He also founded the Kose School of Art, which is named for him. He made the first tonal gradation, and the first Buddha in crayonage style.

Active during the formative days of the aristocratic culture of the Heian period (794–1185), he was reputed to have moved beyond Chinese-inspired subject matter and techniques and to have forged a new style of painting that was uniquely Japanese. As the scion of an aristocratic family, he held court rank and the office of director of the imperial garden.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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内部の襖(ふすま)や屏風(びょうぶ)には唐絵に変わり日本の風物を題材に、
なだらかな線・美しく上品な彩色
初期の大和絵の画家は巨勢金岡(こせのかなおか)
- reference source : heian-heyan.blog.so-net.ne.jp -


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Kannon Bosatsu観音

伝説の絵師・画聖【“巨勢金剛(こせのかなおか)
- reference source : navitown.com/fukusenji/qa -

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source and more photos : kobe-u.ac.jp/~imakoma/mainichi

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Many legends about a horse he painted that went off the painting to bring harm to a village. The horse would also eat the 萩の戸の萩 bush clover growing on gates.
There is also a legend from China about a painter of bulls who went wandering around at night.
『清波雑志』にも中国は江南の徐知諤が描いた牛が昼間出てきて草を食べ、夜には戻ってきたとある。

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Gifu岐阜県 益田郡 Mashita district 下呂町 Gero

At the 蚕飼薬師堂 Kogai Yakushi Hall (with prayers for making silk) was a painting by Kanaoka (or maybe 狩野法眼 Kano Hogen) of a horse running away at night.
So someone painted a horse bridle to keep the horse in place.


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Kyoto京都府

At the hall 武徳殿 Butokuden, in the eastern Pine Forest, there was a 鬼 Demon who ate humans.
So on the auspicious 19th day of the 9th lunar month in 892, Kanaoka was ordered to paint it on a sliding door to keep it in place.

At the temple 仁和寺 Ninna-Ji the story of the horse is told. To keep it in place the eyes were stamped out.

At the Imperial palace, a horse painted on sliding doors by Kanaoka was eating the bush clover from the gate. So the painting was changed and the horse got a strong bridle.

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Okayama 岡山

. Kibitsu Jinja 吉備津神社 .
Painting of a horse

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Tottori 鳥取県 倉吉市 Kurayoshi 余戸谷町

At the temple 長谷寺 Hasedera - the painted horse got a bridle painted to keep it in place.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- Reference - 巨勢金岡 -
- Reference - English -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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- - - #kosekanaoka #kanaokakose - - -
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Fuma Kotaro ninja

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Fuuma Kootaroo, Fūma Kotarō 風魔小太郎 Fuma Kotaro
(? - 1603)


source : dustin on facebook
drawing from the Hojo Godaiki (written by Joshin Miura, 1565-1644) depicting Fuma Kotaro and his band of rappa (ninja) raiding a Takeda camp.

He was like an ONI demon - 鬼のような異相の持ち主であったという

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List - Index - .

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- quote
... the name adopted by the leader of the ninja Fūma clan (風魔一党 Fūma-ittō) during the Sengoku era of feudal Japan. According to some records, his name was originally Kazama (風間).
The Fūma clan and Fūma Kotarō
The clan was based in Kanagawa Prefecture, specializing in horseback guerrilla warfare and naval espionage. According to some sources, the family has roots in the 10th century when they served Taira no Masakado in his revolt against the Kyoto government. The use of the name started with the first leader (jonin) of the clan: originally surnamed "風間" (Fūma), with a different kanji, it was later changed to homophone 風魔. Each subsequent leader of the school adopted the same name as its founder, making it difficult to identify them individually. This school was in the service of the Hōjō clan of Odawara.

Fūma Kotarō was the fifth and the best known of the Fūma clan leaders.
Born in Sagami Province (modern Kanagawa Prefecture) on an unknown date, he became notorious as the leader of a band of 200 Rappa"battle disrupters", divided into four groups: brigands, pirates, burglars and thieves. Kotarō served under Hōjō Ujimasa and Hōjō Ujinao. His biggest achievement came in 1580, when the Fūma ninja covertly infiltrated and attacked a camp of the Takeda clan forces under Takeda Katsuyori at night, succeeding in causing severe chaos in the camp, which resulted in mass fratricide among the disoriented enemies. In 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi laid siege to Odawara Castle, which eventually fell, and the Hōjō clan was forced to surrender.

When the Tokugawa shogunate came to power, the remnants of Fūma-ryū were reduced to a band of brigands operating in and around Edo. A popular but fictional story says that in 1596, Kotarō was responsible for the death of Hattori Hanzō, a famous ninja in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who had tracked him down in the Inland Sea, but Kotarō has succeeded in luring him into a small channel, where a tide trapped the Tokugawa gunboats and his men then set fire to the channel with oil. Kotarō was eventually caught by the shogunate's special law-enforcement force, guided by his rival and a former Takeda ninja Kosaka Jinnai (高坂甚内), and executed through beheading by an order of Ieyasu in 1603.

- - - - - In folklore and popular culture

In a folk legend, he is often an inhuman figure: a supposedly part-oni monstrous giant (over 2 meters tall) with inverted eyes.
In fiction portrayals, Fūma Kotarō is often depicted as Hattori Hanzō's arch-rival. As the name Fūma literally means "wind demon", Fūma Kotarō's depiction is frequently more flamboyant, fantastical, and sometimes even demonic. In contrast, Hanzō is usually rendered with a relatively subdued appearance.
Kotarō is a player character in the video game Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny as a young ninja in the service of the Hōjō clan, also returning in the spin-offs Onimusha Tactics and Onimusha Soul. He is also a main character in the World Heroes fighting game series (as "Fuuma"), also featured in Neo Geo Battle Coliseum together with his main rival Hanzo.
- snip -
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Onimusha 鬼武者 Demon Warrior



- quote -
Onimusha (鬼武者, literally "Oni Warrior") is a series of video games by developer Capcom.
The series makes use of the historic figures that shaped Japan's history, retelling their stories with supernatural elements. Most of the games are of the action-adventure game genre, a combination of third person combat and puzzle solving, where the protagonist wields the power of the Oni, enabling them to fight the Genma, the main enemy of the series. As of 2012, Onimusha is Capcom's sixth biggest franchise, behind the Resident Evil, Street Fighter, Mega Man, Monster Hunter, and Devil May Cry series.
- - - - - Onimusha: Warlords
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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忍者 - 鬼忍

. ninja 忍者 spies - Introduction .
Hattori Hanzo 服部半蔵, the famous Ninja from Iga (1541 - 1596) 
February 22 is the Ninja Day 忍者の日.

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List - Index - .

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- - - #fumakotaro #Kotarofuma #fumaninja - - -
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Takeshiuchi no Sukune - Takenouchi

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Takenouchi no Sukune 武内宿禰 / 竹内宿禰 / 建内宿禰
Takeshiuchi no Sukune - Takeshi-Uchi
Takenouchi Skune, Takeuchi Sukune

(? - ?) he lived for 317 years
Maybe born during the reign of Emperor Keikō 景行天皇 Keiko Tenno (13 BC - 130 BC).
He passed away in the fifty-fifth year of 仁徳天皇 Emperor Nintoku (257 - 933).




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- quote -
Takeshiuchi no Sukune
Also written with the Chinese characters 建内宿禰, and sometimes read Takenouchi no Sukune.
A legendary personality called one of the three meritorious subjects at the time of the Punitive Campaign against the Three Korean Kingdoms, and regarded as the ancestor of twenty-eight clans including Ki, Katsuragi, Heguri, Kose, and Soga.
- A grandson of Imperial Prince Hikofutōshimakoto no Mikoto, his father was Yanushioshiotakeokokoro no Mikoto, and his mother, Princess Kagehime. He served five legendary emperors, including Keikō (legendary reign 71-130), Seimu (131-190), Chūai (192-200), Ōjin (270-310), and Nintoku (313-399).
He was known to be particularly meritorious in serving Empress Jingū (legendary reign 209-269). He led a military campaign to the northeast in the twenty-fifth year of Emperor Keikō, then suppressed the Ezo peoples two years later. During the reign of Emperor Seimu, he became the first Great Minister (Ō-omi). He was significant in supporting Emperor Chūai and Empress Jingū during the Punitive Campaign against the Three Korean Kingdoms.
According to legend, at the end of his service spanning some two hundred and forty-four years, covering five imperial reigns, he passed away in the fifty-fifth year of Emperor Nintoku.
Takeshiuchi is also said to have performed the religious role of a saniwa, a spirit medium receiving divine oracles. The twenty-eight clans descended from him were said to have dispersed throughout the country and prospered.
He is enshrined as a kami in 宇倍神社 Ube Shrine in Iwami District, Tottori Prefecture, as well as at local Hachiman Shrines.
- reference source : Shimazu Norifumi, Kokugakuin 2006 -

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- quote
a legendary Japanese hero-statesman, and is a Shinto kami.
- - - - - Life
Takenouchi no Sukune was supposedly the son of Princess Kagehime, and is said to be grandson to Imperial Prince Hikofutodhimakoto no Mikoto. Also descended from Emperor Kōgen, Takenouchi no Sukune served under five legendary emperors, Emperor Keikō, Emperor Seimu, Emperor Chūai, Emperor Ōjin, and Emperor Nintoku, but was perhaps best known for his service as Grand Minister to the Regent Jingu, with whom he supposedly invaded Korea. While Jingu was regent to her son, Ojin, Takenouchi was accused of treason. He underwent the "ordeal of boiling water" as a way to prove his innocence.
In addition to his martial services to these emperors, he was reputedly also a 沙庭 saniwa, or spirit medium.
- - - - - Legacy
Twenty-eight Japanese clans are said to be descended from Takenouchi no Sukune, including Takeuchi and Soga. He is a legendary figure, and is said to have drunk daily from a sacred well, and this helped him to live to be 280 years old. Further, he is enshrined as a Kami at the Ube shrine, in the Iwami district of the Tottori Prefecture and at local Hachiman shrines. His portrait has also appeared on the Japanese yen, and dolls of him are popular Children’s Day gifts.
- Takenouchi no Sukune
is grandfather of Takenouchi no Matori (竹内真鳥) who created manuscript books of Takenouchi monjo (竹内文書) which depicted ancient Japan before the era of Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. The copies still exist in Kōsō Kōtai Jingū shrine in Ibaraki prefecture.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Takenouchi Monjo 竹内文書 Takenouchi Documents



- quote -
It is our privilege to share the wisdom of Takenouchi Documents on behalf of Wado Kosaka who is one of the prominent researchers of the Takenouchi Documents.
- reference source : takenouchi-documents.com -




竹内文書でわかった太古の地球共通文化は【縄文JAPAN】だった
『竹内文書 世界を一つにする地球最古の聖典

高坂和導 Kosaka Wado (著), 三和導代 (著)

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武内宿禰と仁徳天皇 with emperor Nintoku Tenno (290 - 399)


Takenouchi no Sukune lived 超長寿者 a long long life, he is said to have become 317 years old.
(Nobody takes that serious in our day, though . .. )

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- quote -
Empress Jingu and Takenouchi no Sukune
Another principal musha-ningyô is a character from Japan's remote history: Empress Jingu (170-269). The only female figure regularly associated with Boy's Day, she is paired with her faithful minister/ general Takenouchi no Sukune. The Nohongi (compiled in 720) states that her husband, Chuai Ten'no the 14th emperor of Japan, died just prior to invading Korea. Debate over the invasion had been strong and Jingu had been an ardent supporter.
. Musha ningyoo 武者人形 Samurai Dolls .

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source : h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/tuti/nakano...
神功皇后と武内宿禰 Empress Jingu and Takenouchi no Sukune

中野人形(長野県) Nakano Dolls from Nagano prefecture


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source : sakigake-one.sakura.ne.jp/oldtoy...
武内宿禰 Takeshiuchi no Sukune - Takeshi-Uchi
(15,1 cm high)

. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art from Japan . 
Shibahara tsuchi ningyoo 芝原土人形 Shibahara clay dolls - Chiba


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提燈祭り Chochin Lantern Festival
埼玉県久喜市 Saitama, Kuki Town



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武内宿禰(山車人形展)Exhibition of Festival Floats
千葉県市川市 Chiba, Ichikawa Town


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"Takenouchi no Sukune Meets the Dragon King of the Sea"
1875-1879 ~ Bronze and Glass Sculpture.
This sculpture was created by skilled metalworking artists who looked back to the legendary founders of Japan to celebrate not only their own skills but also the age and prestige of their nation.
Takenouchi dreamed he was called by heaven to destroy a terrible sea monster that was terrorizing the waters for humans and sea creatures alike. Takenouchi undertook this task with great valor, and the Dragon King, Riujin, emerged from the deep with an attendant to thank him and present him with a jewel that gave control over the seas.
Ryūjin, The Dragon God of the Sea, who lives in the submerged Palace called the Ryūgū-jō castle.
He is usually represented in the shape of a very old man, with long beard, and with a dragon coiled on his head or back. His countenance is fierce; he carries in hand the tide-ruling gems.
(Foundation for the Arts Collection, Dallas Museum of Art.)


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. Koma-jinja 高麗神社 Koma Shrine "Korea Shrine" . - Saitama
The enshrined deities are Koma no Koshiki Jakko, Sarutahiko no Mikoto and Takenouchi no Sukune.


. Kehi Jinguu 気比神宮 Shrine Kehi Jingu .
It enshrines the seven deities:
Isasawake-no-Mikoto, Emperor Chuai, Empress Jingu-Kogo, Emperor Ohjin, Takenouchi-no-Sukune-no-Mikoto, Yamato-Takeru-no-Mikoto, and Tamahime-no-Mikoto.


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- reference source : kotobank.jp/word... -

- Reference - 武内宿禰 -
- Reference - takenouchi no sukune -

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Kajiwara Kagesue

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Kajiwara Kagesue 梶原景季
梶原源太景季 Kajiwara Genta Kagesue

(1162 - February 6, 1200)



also known as Kajiwara Kagetoki, was a samurai in service to the Minamoto clan during the Genpei War of Japan's late Heian period.

The Heike monogatari records an anecdote about a friendly competition with Sasaki Takatsuna prior to the second battle of Uji.
Mounted on Yoritomo's black horse, Surusumi, he races Takatsuna across the River Uji.



Kagesue met death in Suruga at the hands of men loyal to Minamoto no Yoriie.

- More in the WIKIPEDIA !



CLICK for more photos !

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- quote -
Kajiwara Kagesue梶原景季 / 梶原景時 Kagetoki
(1162 - February 6, 1200),
was a samurai in service to the Minamoto clan during the Genpei War of Japan's late Heian period.
The Heike monogatari records an anecdote about a friendly competition with Sasaki Takatsuna prior to the second battle of Uji. Mounted on Yoritomo's black horse, Surusumi, he races Takatsuna across the River Uji.


Kajiwara Kagesue, Sasaki Takatsuna, and Hatakeyama Shigetada racing to cross the Uji River before the second battle of Uji,
by Utagawa Kuniyoshi.

Kagesue met death in Suruga at the hands of men loyal to Minamoto no Yoriie.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


梶原稲荷神社 Kajiwara Inari Shrine
relocated here in 1320.


- source and more photos : gogohiderin.blog.fc2.com -


Kajiwara Kagetoki梶原景時 (?1140 ( ?1162) - 1200)
In the village of 八王子村 Hachioji there is a pine named Kajiwara sugi 梶原杉 Kajiwara Pine.
It grew from a walking staff of Kagetoki, who had cut it out at Shrine 鎌倉八幡 Kamakura Hachimangu and planted it in the compound of this village.
The remains are venerated to our day:



- quote -
Kajiwara Kagetoki (梶原 景時, c.1162 – February 6, 1200)
was a spy for Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Genpei War, and a warrior against the Taira. He came to be known for his greed and treachery.
"A prominent eastern warrior", he supplied Yoshitsune with a number of ships after the Battle of Yashima.
Originally from Suruga province,
Kajiwara entered the Genpei War fighting under Oba Kagechika, against the Minamoto.



After the Taira victory at Ishibashiyama in 1181, he was sent to pursue the fleeing Minamoto no Yoritomo. Having discovered him, Kajiwara switched sides, leading his forces in another direction, and turning to Yoritomo's cause.
Three years later,
Kajiwara would lead the forces of Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Yoritomo into battle against their cousin Yoshinaka, and against the Taira.
Attached to Yoshitsune's force,
Kajiwara reported back to Yoritomo on Yoshitsune's actions, in order to satisfy Yoritomo's suspicion and distrust of his brother. In one particular episode related in The Tale of the Heike, Kajiwara suggests, during the Battle of Yashima, that Yoshitsune equip the Minamoto ships with "reverse oars" should they need to retreat quickly. Yoshitsune responds with distaste to Kajiwara's advice, humiliating him by saying such an act would be cowardice. From that point until Yoritomo's death, the resentful Kajiwara did as much as he could to raise tensions between the brothers. His slander led Yoritomo, already suspicious of his younger brother, to eventually accuse Yoshitsune of plotting against the bakufu, which then led to his exile and eventual death.
Even after this,
when the shogunate was successfully and firmly established, Kajiwara still caused tensions at court. He accused Yuki Tomomitsu of plotting against the Shogun Minamoto no Yoriie; a number of members of the court tried to get rid of him, who eventually left for Suruga. The following year (1200), he was defeated and killed in battle along with his son Kagesue.
Kajiwara Heima, a senior retainer of the Aizu domain in the 19th century, claimed descent from Kagetoki. His formal name, Kagetake (景武) shares a character with Kagetoki's name.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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source : sakigake-one.sakura.ne.jp

About 24 cm high. Made by 前刀鍵蔵 Sakito Kagizo
【ひらかな盛衰記】Hirakana Seisuiki
. Inuyama tsuchi ningyo 犬山土人形 clay dolls from Inuyama - Aichi .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Minamoto no Yoritomo 源頼朝 had given Kajiwara a special horse named 磨墨 Surusumi.
It was also called Baseki 馬石 "the Stone Horse".

................................................................................. Gunma 群馬県

waka no toku 和歌の徳 the virtue of Waka poetry
Waka poetry can move heaven and earth and bring the kishin 鬼神 "Demon Deity" alive.

Once Minamoto no Yoritomo was hunting near Mount Asama, when suddenly a strong rain begun to fall.
His retainer Kajiwara composed a kyoka 狂歌 funny waka poem and very soon the sun came back.

昨日こそ浅間はふらめ今日は又みはらし玉へ白雨の神

. kishin, kijin, onigami 鬼神 "Oni Deity", "Demon Deity" .


................................................................................. Shizuoka 静岡県

Yoritomo presented Kagesue with the horse 磨墨 Surusumi.
When Kagesue died 駿河の狐崎 in Suruga at Kitsunezaki, the horse ate 笹葉 Kumasasa leaves and died there too.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- Reference - 梶原景季 -
- Reference - Kajiwara Kagesue -

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Toyotomi Taiko Hideyoshi

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Toyotomi Hedeyoshi 豊臣秀吉 / Taiko Hideyoshi 太閤秀吉
(1537 - 1598)
Hashiba Hideyoshi 羽柴秀吉 




- quote
A daimyo in the Sengoku period who unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle. He is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. Hideyoshi is regarded as Japan's second "great unifier."
More HIDEYOSHI in the WIKIPEDIA !


February 2, 1536, or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598
kigo for mid-autumn

Taikoo Ki 太閤忌 (たいこうき) Taiko Memorial Day
Hideyoshi Ki 秀吉忌(ひでよしき)Hideyoshi Memorial Day




. Memorial Days of Famous People .


. Shogun Daruma Dolls 武将達磨 .

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- quote -
Toyokuni Shrine 豊国神社 Toyokuni-jinja
a Shinto shrine located in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It was built in 1599 to commemorate Toyotomi Hideyoshi. It is the location of the first tamaya (a Shinto altar for ancestor worship) ever constructed, which was later destroyed by the Tokugawa clan.
This shrine is the official tomb and shrine of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who died September 18, 1598 in Kyoto.
Nobles, priests, warriors, and townspeople gathered at the shrine to celebrate the anniversary of Hideyoshi's apotheosis with banquets, musical recitals, and boisterous festivity. The shrine was closed by Tokugawa Ieyasu in June 1615 "to discourage these unseemly displays of loyalty to a man he had eclipsed."
The Meiji Emperor
directed that the shrine be restored in Keiō 4, the 6th day of the 6th month (April 28, 1868). At that time, the shrine area was expanded slightly by encompassing a small parcel of land which had been part of the adjacent Hōkō-ji.
In 1897,
the tercentenary of Hideyoshi was celebrated at this site.
- source : widipedia -

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. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art from Japan . 



source : sakigake-one.sakura.ne.jp。。。

秀吉と三法師 Hideyoshi and Sanboshi (Samboshi), one year old
about 32 cm high, made by 美濃島 Minoya 鈴太郎 Suzutaro

Oda Samboshi Hidenobu (1582-1602)
Son of Oda Nobutada, Grandson of Oda Nobunaga


- quote -
Oda Nobunaga had not intended to die as early as he did - he was assassinated in 1582 - and, thus, did not appoint a successor.
Hideyoshi, taking advantage of Oda Nobunaga's death, saw that Nobunaga's two sons were quarreling over succession, and, as Nobunaga's top general, placed Nobunaga's infant grandson, Samboshi in charge of the realm. Thus, Hideyoshi was able to rise to power more easily because of the lack of a leader in the Oda family. ...
- source : samurai-archives.com... -


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Hideyoshi clay doll from 尾北地方 the Bihoku region, Aichi. About 23 cm high.




Hideyoshi clay doll from 棚尾 Tanao, Aichi. About 34, 5 cm high.
Made by 鈴木初太郎 Suzuki Hatsutaro


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Hideyoshi 太閤秀吉 - 小幡土人形 Obata clay doll, Shiga
Made by 細井文造 Hosoi Bunzo

. Hideyoshi doll by Hosoi Gengo細居源悟 .


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source : yoshitoku.co.jp/user_data...

武者人形 Musha Ningyo doll for the Boy's Festival in May.

. . . CLICK here for more Musha Ningyo Photos !

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Hideyoshi

鳴かぬなら 鳴かせてみせよう ホトトギス
nakanu nara nakasete miseyoo hototogisu

If the bird does not sing,
I will make it sing!
Hototogisu


The famous comparison of three famous warlords
Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu
and their approach to make a cuckoo (hototogisu) sing:

Here is the famous story to shed light on the temperament of the three most famous warlords in Japanese history:
When confronted with a nightingale in a cage, which would not sing, each had his own approach to this situation.

. Hototogisu and the three warlords  


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


................................................................................. Wakayama 和歌山県
伊都郡 Ito district高野町 Koya

meidoo 鳴動 heavenly rumbling
Hideyoshi went to 高野山 Mount Koyasan with 観世太夫 Kanze Dayu, a Noh actor.
On this holy mountain, it was forbidden to blow the flute, but Hideyoshi made the actor blow it anyway.
And then there was a strong heavenly rumbling in the valley, storm, heavy rain and thunder as a reaction from the sky above.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
33 to explore (01)

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- Reference - 豊臣秀吉 -
- Reference - Toyotomi Hideyoshi -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Bunshosei Kaisei Stars

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Bunshoosei 文昌星 Bunshosei
and 魁星 Kaisei - the Star Demon


Bunshosei is a manifestation of one of the seven polar stars.

- quote
In the good catalogue of the recent Hokusai show in Berlin there was an interesting dubious attribution. The entry #357 (p. 412) of Hokusai catalogue, which Nagata Seiji identified as Bunshosei (Sterngott der Literatur, as he put it), bears typical iconographic features of Kaisei (the star-demon).
Yes, Wenzhangxing/Bunshosei 文昌星, sometimes mixed in texts (or their interpretations) with Kuixing/Kaisei 魁星, but he is usually quite distinctive from the latter iconographically.


- Chinese depiction of Kuixing

I don’t have a scanned image of that catalogue entry to upload, but it has a typical Kaisei features:
a demon-like appearance (to answer the oni 鬼 part of 魁), a measure box masu 斗 in the left hand, a brush in the right, a half-naked muscular body with a lifted left leg, and the upward turn of the head (looking on stars).

The Chinese Wiki says, as I thought before, that Kuixing represents the first star of the Big Dipper (http://baike.baidu.com/view/72714.htm). Actually, he was originally a personification of the first star of the West White Tiger quadrant and was only later connected with the Ursa Magna. His gesture is “Kuixing pointing the Dipper" (魁星踢斗). Interesting that Kuixing is related to Zhongkui/Shoki, the demon queller, – the story of ugly appearance, the Emperor’s rejection – but instead of the bumping his head against the wall here we have throwing himself into the water and being rescued by ao/shachi monster 鯱 and sent to heaven.

In China he was normally worshipped at the altar with Wenzhang and depicted next to him. And Wenzhang looks like a typical official – and possibly more a protector of bureaucratic paperwork than of literature. This is what E.Werner wrote about these two: “In front of Wên Ch’ang, on his left, stands K’uei Hsing. He is represented as of diminutive stature, with the visage of a demon, holding a writing-brush in his right hand and a tou in his left, one of his legs kicking up behind—the figure being obviously intended as an impersonation of the character k’uei (魁). He is regarded as the distributor of literary degrees, and was invoked above all in order to obtain success at the competitive examinations. His images and temples are found in all towns. In the temples dedicated to Wên Ch’ang there are always two secondary altars, one of which is consecrated to his worship.”
P. 111. Werner, ETC “Myths and Legends of CHINA” Gearge G. Harrap & Co. LTD. 1922.
- - - more illustrations are here :
- source : evenbach.livejournal.com...



Click for more photos  !




Click for more photos of 文昌星 !


. Hokuto 北斗 the Big Dipper, the Pole Star .


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- Reference - 文昌星 -
- Reference - bunshosei star -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Taira no Atsumori

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Taira no Atsumori 平敦盛
(1169 - 1184)



- quote -
a samurai famous for his early death in single combat. At the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani,
Atsumori engaged Kumagai Naozane, an ally of the Minamoto, and was killed. Kumagai had a son the same age as Atsumori. Kumagai's great remorse as told in the tale, coupled with his taking of priestly vows, caused this otherwise unremarkable event to become well known for its tragedy.
- - - The Death of Atsumori as told in the Tales of the Heike
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

須磨寺やふかぬ笛きく木下やみ
Sumadera ya fukanu fue kiku koshita yami

temple Sumadera -
I listen to the flute nobody plays
in the darkness under the trees

Tr. Gabi Greve



In memory of Taira no Atsumori平敦盛 and his flute now kept at the temple.
Samurai had to learn all kinds of aristocratic things to be able to please their masters.
Atsumori was famous for his flute playing,, aoba no fue青葉の笛.

Paul Muldoon, Basho and the Temple Sumadera
... In the real war almost two hundred years after The Tale of Genji, the war epically recorded in The Tale of the Heike, the young Taira general Atsumori was killed by a Minamoto warrior named Noazane, near Suma. Noazane, father of a warrior son the same age as his victim, then discovered on Atsumori’s body a flute, and, reflecting on the insanity of a world in which such killing takes place, he became a Buddhist monk to pray for Atsumori’s spirit. That “Green-Leaf Flute” remains a treasure of Suma Temple to this day.
(The temple was founded in 786, some 400 years before the war and 900 years before Bashô’s visit.)
Bashô plays with the tradition of sadness, isolation, death, and giving up the world at Suma, making the sound of the unplayed flute a metaphor for Zen koans (on silent flutes, clapping, and so on) that lightly dissolves into the pleasant shade of a tree under summer’s sun in this desolate place. But note how that shade suggests again the “Green-Leaf Flute”—and the death of Atsumori. Light as the last line of Bashô’s poem may seem on first reading, it grows deeper with the next. ...
by William J. Higginson

- More information about this haiku
. Atsumori and the Flute .


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無官太夫平敦盛 Mukan no Taiyu Taira Atsumori
歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi

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. Bihoku ningyoo 尾北人形 dolls from Bihoku - Aichi .


source : www007.upp.so-net.ne.jp/kyoudoningyou




about 20 cm high. Made by 岩間房太郎 Iwama Fusataro





. Asahi tsuchi ningyoo 旭土人形 Asahi Clay Dolls - Aichi .


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県
神戸市 Kobe

tsue 杖 walking staff
At the Shrine 生田神社 Ikuta Jinja in Kobe Atsumori planted his walking staff into the ground and it grew into a bamboo.


- quote -
Ikuta Atsumori (生田敦盛), sometimes known simply as Ikuta,
is one of many Noh plays derived from the story of Taira no Atsumori, a young Taira clan samurai who was killed in the 1184 battle of Ichi-no-Tani. Taking place largely at Ikuta Shrine, near the scene of the battle, it centers on Atsumori's fictional son, who seeks to meet his father's ghost.



- - - Plot summary
A monk opens the play, introducing himself as a disciple of famous priest Hōnen Shōnin, and explaining how Hōnen once found a baby boy in a box at the Kamo Shrine in Kyoto. The monk says that Hōnen raised the boy, and, that many years later, a young woman came forth revealing herself to be the boy's mother, and explaining that his father was Taira no Atsumori. As the boy now longed to see his father's face, Hōnen suggested that he should go to Kamo and pray there for a week.
The monk concludes his introduction by explaining that this is the last day of that week, and that he has come with the boy to Kamo once again, to pray. The boy then tells the monk that he had a dream while praying, in which a voice told him to go to Ikuta Shrine in order to see his father.
Traveling to Ikuta, the pair come upon a small hut, where they decide to ask to spend the night. The man in the hut explains that he is the ghost of Atsumori. Through the intervention of the Kamo kami, Atsumori explains, he has been granted by Yama, the lord of death, a brief opportunity to appear here in the mortal world, to meet his son. He regales his son with the tale of the battle of Ichi-no-tani, in which he was killed. A messenger of Yama then appears, and takes Atsumori with him, back to the realm of the shura, the hell of constant battle.
- - - Taira no Atsumori
Atsumori is a complex character. He is a great warrior from the Taira family but he also shows a sensitive side with his son. His philosophy on life also seems to contrast during the story. Before the meeting of father and son, Atsumori recites the five attributes of "beauty, perception, knowledge, motion, consciousness". He talks about how the body is weak and it is the soul that guards it from corruption. Yet, when he meets his son, he suddenly becomes concerned about the ratty garments he wears. The idea being that someone who comes from the Taira line should have a better presentation. When talking to his son, he has great pride in telling the story of the Taira family at its peak. As soon as he speaks of the downfall of the great Taira family, he is called back to Hell and just like the Taira family, he fades away.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- Reference - 平敦盛 -
- Reference - taira no atsumori -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Reigan Priest

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Reigan 霊巌 Priest Reigan
(1554 - 1641)

檀蓮社雄誉(だんれんじゃゆうよ) Danrenja Yuyo
雄誉霊巌 Yuyo Reigan


Reigan was priest of the 浄土宗 Jodo Sect in the early Edo period.

Third son of 今川氏勝 Imagawa Ujikatsu.
He was born in Suruga (now Shizuoka) and walked all over Japan, building many temples.
His teacher was 貞把 priest Teiha at the temple 生実大巌寺(おゆみだいがんじ) Oyumi Daigan-Ji in Chiba.
One of the most famous is temple Reigan-Ji in Edo, at the island named after him, Reiganjima.
Whith the permission of 徳川家光 Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu he also re-built temple 知恩院 Chion-In in Kyoto.
He also gave lectures in Edo castle.

His written works are 選択集. 精義集 Shogishu and 伝法指南 Denbo Shinan.

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. 霊巌寺 Temple Reigan-Ji Tokyo .
東京都江東区白河1-3-32 // 1 Chome-3-32 Shirakawa, Kōtō ward
with a special statue of Jizo Bosatsu

. Reigandoo 霊巌洞 Reigan-Do cave .
宮本武蔵 Miyamoto Musashi died there.


. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .

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Reiganjima 霊巌島 / 霊岸島 Island Reiganjima 
中央区新川 / Shinkawa, Chūō ward

Saint Reigan developed this land between the rivers Kamejimagawa and Sumidagawa and built the temple Reigan-Ji.
At first there were many Samurai estates nearby, but soon a town for the many temple visitors developed.
In 1657 the temple burned down during a huge fire, and was then rebuilt at Fukagawa.



The area of Reiganjima was redeveloped in 1659 by the rich merchant,
河村瑞賢 Kawamura Zuiken (1618 - 1699).
It was accessible by land and many merchants came to live here.

Reiganjima Shiroganemachi霊巌島 銀町
With many merchants of Sake.

Reiganjima Shiomachi 霊巌島 塩町
The estate of Kawamura Zuiken was located here and often called 瑞賢長屋 Zuiken nagaya.
Zuiken was a timber merchant and elevated to Samurai status after the great Meireki fire in 1657. He supervised many projects for canals and flood control in Edo.

Many dealers in pottery lived in Shiomachi. The nearby riverside was called 茶碗河岸 Chawan-kawagishi"Riverside of the tea bowls".

Alltogether there were 16 sub-districts with the name Reiganjima.



The name Reiganbashi 霊岸橋 Reigan-Bridge is still in use today.
Chuo ward, Nihonbashi Kayabacho, 1 Chome−11−2




霊巌島の碑 Memorial stone of Reiganjima

. Places of Edo - Introduction .


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Saitama 埼玉県
日高町 Hidaka

zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls"
At the temple 箕輪山霊巌寺 Minowayama Reigan-Ji at the riverpool of 高麗川 Komagawa there lives 大蛇 a huge serpent.
She would grant trays and bowls if people asked her politely, saying the number of visitors then needed to entertain. And of course bring back the tools nicely washed and clean.
When a farmer forgot to bring the things back, the serpent stopped to appear.
After a huge flooding the riverpool was filled with sand. Excarvating it they found the skull of a huge serpent. So nowadays the farmers pray to the serpent at the temple Reigan-Ji.

. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls". .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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Sesshu Toyo

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Sesshuu Tooyoo 雪舟等楊 Sesshu Toyo
(1420 - 1506)



. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- quote
Oda Tōyō since 1431, also known as Tōyō, Unkoku, or Bikeisai; 1420 – 26 August 1506) was the most prominent Japanese master of ink and wash painting from the middle Muromachi period. He was born into the samurai Oda family (小田家), then brought up and educated to become a Rinzai Zen Buddhist priest. However, early in life he displayed a talent for visual arts, and eventually became one of the greatest Japanese artists of his time, widely revered throughout Japan and China.

Sesshū studied under Tenshō Shūbun and was influenced by Chinese Song dynasty landscape painting. In 1468–69, he undertook a voyage to Ming China, where too he was quickly recognized as an outstanding painter. Upon returning to Japan, Sesshū built himself a studio and established a large following, painters that are now referred to as the Unkoku-rin school—or "School of Sesshū". Although many paintings survive that bear Sesshū's signature or seal, only a few can be securely attributed to him.
His most well-known work is the so-called "Long Landscape Scroll"(山水長巻, Sansui chōkan).

Sesshū was born in Akahama, a settlement in Bitchū Province, which is now part of western Okayama Prefecture.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- quote -
SESSHU IN CHINA: UNIQUE EXPERIENCES FOR A MONK-PAINTER
By WATADA, Minoru

Sesshu Toyo (1420- ca. 1502 or 06) traveled to Ming dynasty China in 1467 and after two years on the continent, returned to Japan. As has been discussed frequently in recent years, Sesshu was a member of the Japanese mission party sent as tribute to Ming and therefore his actions were extremely limited. His journey in China was not a trip in which an artist set out to freely explore his own way of painting. Further, while today Sesshu stands as one of Japan's most famous artists, when he went to China he was nothing more than a provincial Zen monk-painter. Indeed, he was so unimportant in the mission that not even his name appears in any public records of the day, in China or Japan. Just because Sesshu went to China, it does not immediately mean that he was then able to paint works that faithfully followed Chinese styles, such as his Landscapes of the Four Seasons (Tokyo National Museum), or was allowed to paint the walls of such public spaces as the building of the Libu (Chinese ministry of ritual, religious and educational affairs), or was directly trained by imperial artists. We must think that each of these accomplishments by Sesshu came about because of unique circumstances.

Up until now the story of Sesshu in China has been largely described as the successful tale of some great artist. However, such an explanation is heavily colored by fictions formulated during the Edo period, and often relies on a complete misunderstanding of several historical documents. In other words, there has arisen a complete mix-up of Edo period analogies about Sesshu and what modern art historians expect to Sesshu. Therefore, first of all, this paper will ask just how much or how little can we actually recognize as historical facts about Sesshu in China, and then, will attempt to re-determine how we should evaluate it.

If we examine historical records with careful consideration of the time frames and distances covered by Sesshu in China, we arrive at some conclusions differing from those of preceding scholars. Sesshu's trip to China was not an event deemed a matter of course for a famous artist. Rather we should consider his journey a time when several unprecedented occurrences happened to a mere monk-painter. It is clear from the extant works and historical materials that an extremely unusual set of circumstances occurred. The following is my conclusion regarding this matter. Considering Sesshu in China, the most important fact is that he was able to study under imperial painters in Beijing. The fact that he painted at the Libu building must also not be lightly dismissed, because it is even possible that the painting created on that occasion corresponds to the Landscapes of the Four Seasons (Tokyo National Museum). While Sesshu's interactions with the Chinese literati and sketching from local scenery may have been accepted practice for artists visiting China, he alone seems to have been able to study under imperial painters and have an opportunity to publicly exhibit the results of that study. Indeed, these unique experiences played a decisive role in Sesshu's achievements, as we know them.
- source : tobunken.go.jp/~bijutsu/eng... -


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泣きねずみ

- quote -
..... As a youth he became a Zen monk at a local temple - Hofuku-ji .....
According to the legend
he was not a particularly good novice monk, preferring to spend his time drawing rather than memorizing sutras, and one day as a punishment for some infraction he was tied to a post in one of the temple buildings and left there.
His tears fell to the floor and with his toe he drew a rat on the floor with his tears. When the abbot returned he was taken aback by what he thought was a real rat at the boy's feet but which turned out to be a drawing.
From then on
Sesshu was allowed to continue with his art studies. In the way of legends, the story has been exaggerated and one version now has the drawing being so lifelike that the drawing came to life and chewed through the ropes to free Sesshu. .....
- source : japanvisitor.com..... -



- quote -
百三代後花園の院の御時、
備中の国赤浜に小田のほとりといふ侍有。子供三人持ち、末の子を丸と申けり。此子二三才の頃より手遊びにも鼠を好みける
父母、鼠を拵へ、愛す。
(母)
「此子は鼠がきつい好きさ」
父ほとり思ふは、丸は末の子也出家にせばや、とて、九才の年井の山宝副寺の弟子となし、等楊法師と申。
しかるに、此等楊手習学問は学ばずして、天性絵を描く事を好み、手習草紙に人形の首を描き、又は唐紙戸障子にいろいろの絵を描く。
師の御坊怒つて折檻し給ふ。
(師)
「余の子共は手習するに、汝一人さもなくして絵ばかり描く事、憎いとち坊主。その上此頃は襖壁などに絵かく事やめおらぬかぬか」
等楊十才の頃、とにかくに描く事をやめぬ故、師の御坊堂の柱に縛りつけ戒む。然れ共哀れみて、日暮に及び縄を解かんとて行給ふに、等楊が膝の下より数十疋の鼠、驚き騒ぎ走り回る。
急に此鼠を追ふ。御坊怪しみて見給ふに、等楊縛られて一日の落つる涙の滴りを足の親指につけて縁板に鼠を描く。その勢ひ恰も生ける鼠のごとし。師の御坊その妙を感じて、これより描く事を戒めづ。
- reference source : detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp -


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. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Yamaguchi 山口市

Sesshu painted 雪舟の絵馬の馬 a horse on a votive tablet at the temple 龍蔵寺 Ryuzo-Ji. The horse became alive at night and went out to feed and devastate the fields.
So he painted a bridle to keep the horse in his place.



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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

墨絵めく霧の山河や雪舟忌
sumi-e meku kiri no sanga ya Sesshuu ki

the landscape painting
flowing in black ink fog . . .
Sesshu memorial day


檜紀代 Hinoki Kiyo


Sesshu 応永27年(1420年) - 永正3年8月8日(1506年)
His death day is given as the 8th day of the 8th lunar month in 1506.
Other dates are also mentioned.




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- kigo for all winter -

. sori 雪橇(そり)/ 雪舟(そり)sled, sledge .
Here the characters 雪舟 mean "snow boat".


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- Reference - 雪舟 -
- Reference - sesshu toyo -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Saigo Takamori

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Saigoo Takamori, Saigō Takamori 西郷隆盛 Saigo Takamori
(23 January 1827/28 — 24 September 1877)



- quote
Saigō Takamori (Takanaga) (西郷 隆盛 (隆永)
(January 23, 1828 – September 24, 1877) was one of the most influential samurai in Japanese history, living during the late Edo and early Meiji periods. He has been dubbed the last true samurai. He was born Saigō Kokichi (西郷 小吉), and received the given name Takamori in adulthood.
He wrote poetry under the name Saigō Nanshū (西郷 南洲).
His younger brother was Gensui The Marquis Saigō Tsugumichi.
.....
- Satsuma Rebellion (1877)
- Legends about Saigō
Multiple legends sprang up concerning Saigō, many of which denied his death. Many people in Japan expected him to return from British Raj India or Qing-dynasty China or to sail back with Russian Tsesarevich Nicholas to overthrow injustice. It was even recorded that his image appeared in a comet near the close of the 19th century, an ill omen to his enemies. Unable to overcome the affection that the people had for this paragon of traditional samurai virtues, the Meiji Era government pardoned him posthumously on February 22, 1889.
- Artworks depicting Saigō
A famous bronze statue of Saigō in hunting attire with his dog stands in Ueno Park, Tokyo. ...
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Segodon (西郷どん) (せごどん)
is a Japanese television series starring Ryohei Suzuki.
Segodon follows the life of historical figure Takamori Saigo . He was born the first son of a lower-class samurai. He was exiled two times and went through three marriages. Takamori Saigo became the central figure of the Meiji Restoration, but he fights against the government's army,
Based on the novel "Sego Don" by Mariko Hayashi that published February, 2016 in magazine Hon no Tabibito.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !










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. Kokeshi, こけし / 小芥子 / 子消し wooden doll .




Saigo dolls



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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

kigo for mid-autumn
九月二十四日 24 day of the 9th lunar month

Nanshuu Ki 南洲忌
Saigoo Ki 西郷忌
Takamori Ki 隆盛忌





敝衣破帽の青春悔いず西郷忌
heiihabo no seishun kuizu Saigo ki

山下鴻晴 Yamashita Kosei

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西郷窟一塵もなき涼しさよ
堀口星眠


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- Reference - 西郷隆盛 -
- Reference -Saigo Takamori -

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Ki no Haseo

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア - Oni Demons - ABC-List .
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Ki no Haseo, Kino Haseo 紀長谷雄
(845 – 912)



- quote -
貞観18年(876年)文章生、元慶5年(881年)文章得業生を経て、元慶7年(883年)対策に丁科で及第して三階昇進し従七位下に叙せられる。またこの間の元慶6年(882年)には右衛門大尉・坂上茂樹とともに掌渤海客使を務めている。その後、讃岐掾・少外記を経て、仁和4年(888年)従五位下に叙爵。
宇多朝前半は、図書頭・文章博士・式部少輔を歴任する。寛平6年(894年)に従五位上・右少弁に叙任されると、寛平7年(895年)正五位下、寛平8年(896年)従四位下と宇多朝後半は急速に昇進を果たし、この間の寛平7年(895年)には式部少輔・大学頭・文章博士を兼ねて三職兼帯の栄誉に浴した。また、菅原道真に才能を見込まれ、寛平6年(894年)に計画されるも道真の建議により中止となった最後の遣唐使では副使に補されている。
醍醐朝に入ると左右大弁の要職を務め、延喜2年(902年)参議に任ぜられ公卿に列した。議政官として左大弁を兼帯し、延喜10年(910年)従三位・権中納言、延喜11年(911年) 中納言に至る。醍醐天皇の侍読を務める一方、都良香・菅原道真・大蔵善行に師事して『菅家後集』の編纂に携わり、『延喜格式』の編纂にもあたった。
延喜12年2月10日(912年)薨去。享年68。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Haseo and the Oni demon playing a game of Sugoroku.





Haseo Sooshi, Haseo sōshi 長谷雄草紙(はせおぞうし) Haseo Zoshi, Haseo Soshi
- A Medieval Scholar's Muse




- quote
The picture scroll Haseo sōshi (The Tale of Lord Haseo, dated between the end of the thirteenth century and the early fourteenth century) tells of Ki no Haseo (845–912), a famous scholar-poet, who gambles with an oni (demon or ogre) for a female prize who turns out to be a concoction from parts of dead bodies.
With a variety of vivid characters, the Tale of Lord Haseo is a captivating story from the otogizōshi (literally ‘companion tales’) genre.
Importantly, the text reveals medieval Japanese thought about the relationship between humans and demons, the creation of life from death, and beliefs in supernatural beings.
- source : tandfonline.com/doi.. Noriko T. Reider

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- quote -
- HASEO, Tale of, PICTURE SCROLL -
An illustrated scroll of great quality of the famous story about Ki no Haseo (845-912), a courtier in the Early Heian Period. Written ca. 13th century, the oldest surviving scroll of this story — ca. 14th century, the Kamakura era — was preserved by the Hosokawa Family, formerly the ruler of the Kumamoto Fiefdom (today the Kumamoto Prefecture). The scroll rests now as an “Important Cultural Property” at the Eisei Bunko Museum in Tokyo. There are other scrolls of this celebrated story, some of which are incomplete or condensed versions, including those at the National Institute of Japanese Literature (Tokyo), the National Diet Library, Kyoto University, the Imperial Household Agency Library, Tokyo National Museum, and the Kyoto Prefectural Library.





- - - Our scroll illustrates the five scenes of this story:

“1. One evening when Haseo was about to go to the Imperial Palace, he was visited by a stranger with shrewd eyes, who challenged him with a sugoroku (backgammon) game, saying that there was no other who could rival him in the game. Suspicious but tempted by curiosity, Haseo went out with the stranger, who took him to the Imperial gatehouse, Suzaku-mon.

2. The stranger helped Haseo up to the upper story of the gatehouse. Before beginning the game, he offered a ‘girl of unearthly beauty’ on bet, whereupon Haseo offered his entire property. As the game turned hopeless for the stranger, he betrayed himself as an awesome goblin, but Haseo at last won the game.

3. Deep in the night of the promised day, the man brought to Haseo a beautiful young lady, telling him never to touch her within one hundred days.

4. Eighty days passed. Unable to resist the ever increasing charm of the girl, Haseo embraced her, whereupon she became water and flowed away. He repented, only in vain.

5. About three months later, Haseo was going home in the night from the Imperial Palace, when the stranger came to his vehicle and blamed him for breaking the promise. Haseo barely escaped danger by his prayers to the god of Kitano Tenjin.
The stranger was a goblin inhabiting the Suzaku Gate, who had created the girl by assembling beautiful parts of dead women. If she had been left untouched for one hundred days, she would have become a real human being.”
- source : jonathanahill.com/pages/books -

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- - - - - Modern versions


source : 2poit3emaki.blog.fc2.com...

『長谷雄草紙』とは
双六の名人の長谷雄が都の朱雀門に住む鬼と双六勝負をする物語です。

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- even for Android -

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. ezooshi 絵草子 Ezoshi, illustrated book or magazine .
otogizooshi 御伽草子 otogi-zoshi - popular tales
ukiyo zooshi 浮世草子 Ukiyo-zoshi - books about the floating world

. sugoroku 双六 (すごろく) Sugoroku board game .
and many legends related to it

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Yamada Hokoku

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Yamada Hookoku 山田方谷 Yamada Hokoku
(1805 – 1877)



- quote
Yamada Hokoku
was an educator and a vassal of the Bitchu Matsuyama Domain. As a subject of the Matsuyama Domain, Hokoku helped bring about the domain’s reformation, working to repay debt totaling twice as much as the domain’s revenue while leaving the same amount of accumulated wealth, all in just eight years. These efforts, including developing specialty products, improving farm tools, and promoting encouragement of new industries, always had the interest of the common people in mind.
Because he was also an educator, Hokoku encouraged common people to train both body and mind. His actions were based on the philosophies of 市民撫育 / 士民撫育"Shiminbuiku" (which states that all things are intended for the people) and 至誠惻怛 “Shiseisokudatsu” (the spirit of cordiality and affection).
In his later years, Hokoku received a request from the government to assist his country, which he refused and instead dedicated himself to the education of children in private supplementary schools in his hometown, at the Shizutani School, and at other locations.
Yamada Hokoku served Bitchu Matsuyama Castle, one of Japan’s 12 castles with a main keep that still stands today. The castle is located atop a mountain at an altitude of 430 m, making it the highest fortress in Japan with an existing main keep. Bitchu Matsuyama Castle is famously known as the “Castle in the Sky,” as it appears to be floating on a sea of clouds.
- source : okayama-japan.jp/en/feature...
Education, Culture, and History of Okayama


Yamada Hokoku - SamuraiWiki


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至誠惻怛の人 山田方谷





Gendai ni ikasu yamada hokoku no shiso
by Yamada Hokoku Kenkyukai


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- Reference - 山田方谷 -
- Reference - yamada hokoku -


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Hayakawa Noritsugu Tokuji

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Hayakawa Noritsugu 早川徳次(のりつぐ)
(1881 - 1942)
(The characters 徳次 can also be read Tokuji, see below.)

He is renowned for funding the construction of Japan's first subway system, now known as the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927.



「地下鉄の父」 The Father of the Subway in Tokyo


- quote -
Noritsugu Hayakawa, builder of Asia’s first underground railway, is considered the father of subways in Japan.
Hayakawa
was an apprentice of “railway king” Kaichiro Nezu, the founder of Tobu Railways.
Impressed by the subways he saw while touring Europe in the 1910s, upon his return to Japan Hayakawa began fiercely lobbying for Tokyo to build its own system.
After obtaining a license, he established the Tokyo Underground Railway Co. in 1920. The first underground rail link connected Asakusa and Ueno in 1927.
This is now known as the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line.
- source : japantimes.co.jp/news/2010... -





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だるまは鼻の下にひげを生やし . . . Daruma with a beard in his honor - 2018

A group of about 50 local people has formed in 2017, making papermachee Daruma dolls.



- quote
日本で最初に地下鉄を建設し、「地下鉄の父」と呼ばれた笛吹市出身の早川徳次(のりつぐ)(1881~1942)の住宅の見学会が7日に開かれる。地元の市民グループ「早川徳次ふるさと後援会」が主催し、ひげを生やしていた徳次の顔をかたどったミニだるまづくりを初めて計画。ふるさとの偉人に親しみを感じてもらい、地域の活性化にもつなげたい考えだ。
後援会は2017年に発足し、会員約50人。地元出身の早川徳次の功績紹介と地域振興を目的に活動している。早川邸は「早川家住宅主屋」として国の登録有形文化財に選ばれている。後援会が年2回開く見学会では、普段は非公開の邸内を見ることができる。
ミニだるまを考案したのは甲州市在住の自営業、渡辺麻世さん(28)。アクセサリーなどを趣味で手作りしている。昨年夏、知人の後援会メンバーと会食した際、徳次の業績について話を聞いた。祖父母の家が早川邸の近くにあり、「身近なところにすごい人がいたんだ」と驚き、何か手伝えることがあればと思いついた。



だるまは鼻の下にひげを生やし…
source : asahi.com/articles...


. DARUMA MUSEUM Japan .



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Hayakawa Tokuji 早川徳次
(1893 - 1980)



- quote -
Tokuji Hayakawa (早川 徳次 Hayakawa Tokuji, November 3, 1893 - June 24, 1980)
was a Japanese businessman and the founder of Hayakawa Kinzoku Kōgyō (the present-day Sharp Corporation). He invented and patented the “Tokubijō” belt buckle in 1912 (a belt which can fasten without perforating) and invented the "Ever Ready Sharp" mechanical pencil (from which his company would later get its name from) in 1915.

The success of the “Tokubijō” belt buckle led to Hayakawa starting his own metallurgical processing, which then developed into the present-day Sharp Corporation.

Tokuji Hayakawa was born in Tokyo in 1893. Due to difficult domestic circumstances, he was adopted by the Ideno family. It was not until he grew up, however, that he learned of this. He left primary school after second grade due to his family’s poverty, and was apprenticed to a maker of metallic ornaments. He worked diligently there to improve both his skill in metalwork and understanding of the trade, earning the trust of his master.

Though the buckle had been used since ancient times for such accessories as armor and shoes, it started to be used on belts for boys’ trousers in the 15th century and came to be used in women’s clothes in the 19th century. It took two forms: practical and decorated. When Hayakawa launched his buckle in 1912, demand in Japan for the buckle increased with the spread of Western-style fashions.

Hayakawa and other artisans, however, had not yet had a chance to wear Western-style clothes and belts.
Hayakawa happened to notice a silent film actor whose belt had come undone. This inspired him to spend time after work inventing a new belt that could be fastened to any length.

As a result, he developed a buckle that used a roller to fasten a belt without puncturing it. His master admired his inventiveness and recommended that Tokuji apply for a patent. He suggested the name “Tokubijō” adopting one character of Tokuji.

The first order for the Tokubijō buckle was huge — 33 grosses or 4,752 in total. Because of the pressures to deliver his product on time, Tokuji decided to go independent. He borrowed most of the capital independently and launched his own shop in September, 1912. He introduced industrial presses, hired workmen and delivered new orders with no interruption. He was able to promptly retire his debt. He continued to improve his manufacturing process and expand his business into a bigger plant.

In 1913, Hayakawa acquired the patent of an innovative water faucet, and in 1915, he developed the prototype of the sharp automatic pencil still sold today. Afterwards he demonstrated managerial genius, expanding his enterprise into electronics manufacturing of world-famous radios, tape-recorders and televisions. He was active in social welfare programs. He died in 1980 at the age of 86.
- source : wikipedia -

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Fu Daishi Fudaishi Fu Ta-Shi

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Fudaishi 傅大士 Fu Daishi, Fu Ta-Shi, Budaishi
(c. 490 – c. 560)

- quote
a Chinese Buddhist monk who was later deified as the Japanese patron deity of libraries.



He is traditionally accredited with the invention of the rinzō (輪蔵), a system of revolving shelving used in Kyōzō libraries. He is often represented alongside his sons, Fuwaku and Fukon.
Fudaishi is noted for his "lecture" on the Diamond Sutra, recorded in the Hekiganroku (Record of the Blue Cliffs). According to this account, Fudaishi was invited to speak by the Emperor Bu-tei. He stepped up to the lectern, struck it a blow with his staff, and then returned to his seat without speaking a word.
He is regarded as in incarnation of Miroku, the Waiting Buddha.
- Reference in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Ch: Fu Daishi. Buddhist Master Fu or Great Teacher Fu.
The Chinese Buddhist layman Fu Xi (Jp: Fu Kyuu 傅翕; 497-569) credited with inventing revolving sutra shelves.
Thus images of him are often placed in or near sutra repositories. Wearing Chinese Tang dynasty attire, Fu Daishi is frequently shown with his two sons Fucheng (Jp: Fujou 普成) and Fujian (Jp: Fuken 普建).
Often depicted with a laughing face,
Fu Dashi is commonly known as the Laughing Buddha or waraibotoke笑い仏.
- source : JAANUS -

- quote -
Hotei, the laughing Buddha, is most likely based on
the itinerant 10th-century Chinese Buddhist monk and hermit Budaishi (d. 917),
who is said to be an incarnation of Miroku Bodhisattva (Maitreya in Sanskrit).
- source : Mark Schumacher -

. Hotei 布袋 Pu-Tai, Budai - Introduction.

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- quote -
傅翕 Fu Xi (傅大士 Fu Dashi, 497-569) / 心王銘 Xinwang ming
(Rōmaji:) Fukyū (Fu-daishi): Shinnōmei
(English:) Mind-King Inscription / Inscription on the Mind King / Faith in the Mind’s Ruler
(Magyar átírás:) Fu Hszi (Fu Ta-si): Hszin-vang ming



- Mind-King Inscription -
snip snip
Gâthâs of Bodhisattva Shan-hui (善慧), better known as Fu Ta-shih (傅大士)
Empty-handed I go and yet the spade is in my hands;
I walk on foot, and yet on the back of an ox I am riding:
When I pass over the bridge,
Lo, the water floweth not, but the bridge doth flow.

Translated by D. T. Suzuki (Essays in Zen Buddhism – First Series, p. 272)


傅大士 Fu-daishi
with his twin sons, shown clapping their hands and laughing, are sometimes called
Fuwaku (or Fuken 普建・普現) and Fukon (or Fujō 普成・普淨)
in Seiryō-ji Temple - Saga Shaka-dō Temple (清凉寺 - 嵯峨釈迦堂), Kyoto


A legend relates,
against all the evidence, that Fu-daishi was the inventor of the buildings intended to contain the sūtras. This kyōzō (経蔵) building in Japanese Buddhist architecture is a repository for sūtras and chronicles of the temple history. It is also called kyōko (経庫), kyōdō (経堂), or zōden (蔵殿).
A revolving sūtra storage case is called rinzō (輪蔵, wheel repository; rotating libraries).
Revolving shelves are convenient because they allow priests and monks to select the needed sūtra quickly. Eventually, in some kyōzō the faithful were permitted to push the shelves around the pillar while praying — it was believed that they could receive religious edification without actually reading the sūtras.

- More of the poems and lectures by Fu Daishi
- source : terebess.hu/zen/fuxi... -

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kyōzō 経蔵 Kyozo, repository of religious writings -


Kamakura, Hasedera

. maniguruma 摩尼車 prayer wheel .
There are some large prayer wheels in many temples, where copies of the Sutras are kept. You can walk around them, pushing the spokes while you walk to spin the wheel and have your prayers reach heaven.

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- quote -
Fu Ta-shih - [傅大士] (497–569) (PY Fu Dashi; Jpn Fu-daishi)
A lay Buddhist in China who was revered as a Reincarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya. He won the respect of Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty, who was a devout Buddhist. His real name was Fu Hsi, and he was commonly known as Fu Ta-shih (ta-shih means great man). A layperson with a wife and children, he was not only an earnest practitioner of Buddhism but also a philanthropist, generously bestowing his own Wealth upon the people. When he erected Shuang-lin-ssu temple, he built a Sutra repository on the premises to house the entire collection of Buddhist scriptures. The repository was unique in that it had a revolving stand with eight faces for storing the scriptures.
Later many temples adopted this type of Sutra repository.
- source : chinabuddhismencyclopedia... -


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- Reference - fudaishi chinese -
- Reference - 傅大士 -

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Udagawa Yoan

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Udagawa Yooan, Udagawa Yōan 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan
(1798 - 1846)



- quote
a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Western studies, or "Rangaku". In 1837, he published the first volume of his Introduction to Chemistry (舎密開宗 Seimi Kaisō), a compilation of scientific books in Dutch, which describes a wide range of scientific knowledge from the West. Most of the Dutch original material appears to be derived from William Henry's 1799 Elements of Experimental Chemistry. In particular, the book contains a very detailed description of the electric battery invented by Volta forty years earlier in 1800. The battery itself was constructed by Udagawa in 1831 and used in experiments, including medical ones, based on a belief that electricity could help cure illnesses.

Udagawa's Science of Chemistry also reports for the first time in details the findings and theories of Lavoisier in Japan. Accordingly, Udagawa made numerous scientific experiments and created new scientific terms, which are still in current use in modern scientific Japanese: e.g., “oxygen” (酸素 sanso), “hydrogen” (水素 suiso), “nitrogen” (窒素 chisso), “carbon” (炭素 tanso), “oxidation” (酸化 sanka), “reduction” (還元 kangen), “saturation” (飽和 hōwa), “dissolution” (溶解 yōkai) and “element” (元素 genso).
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Tsuyama Archives of Western Learning 津山洋学資料館


- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp -

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Udagawa Yoan and Coffee




The origin of the Chinese characters for coffee珈琲


- reference source : nsh-s.com/wp... -

蘭学者で津山藩医の宇田川榕菴
In Okayama there was a school for rangaku 蘭学 Dutch learning of the West.
One of the masters there was 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan.
He knew the Dutch word koffie and introduced the Kanji for it.
There are now sometimes memorial services in a temple, where coffee is offered to the ancestors and the visitors
- but in tea cups of the time.

. Coffee, Kaffee and Haiku .


津山藩主松平家菩提所 天崇山 泰安寺 Taian-Ji

Offering Coffee at the temple
. 泰安寺 Taian-Ji .

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Mead, Mede in the Edo Period in Japan ミード / 蜂蜜酒 
During a recent research an essay was found in the Archives of Western Learning in the city of Tsuyama in Western Japan. One of the doctors working for the local feudal lord, Yudagawa Yoan (1798-1846), had studied European medicine and even introduced coffee to Japan.
He has written the following report about Mead, which he called MEDE:
Mead is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water.
- Read the details here :
. Gabi Greve .


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He also distinguished four different types of onsen 温泉 hot springs
salt, sulfur, alkali and plain hot

榕菴の温泉試説
Yoan wrote about 諸国温泉試説 different types of hot springs when he was 29 years old.
榕菴はまず色や臭いを観察し、自ら飲んで味も確かめます。それからホクトメートル(浮き秤)を使って比重を測定し、薬品や熱を加えてその反応をこと細かに記録しました。
- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp... -

- source : iloveyu.jp/type-of-hot-springs... -


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- Reference - 宇田川榕菴 -
- Reference - Udagawa Yoan -

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nenga 2020

Azechi Umetaro Painter

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Azechi Umetaro 畦地梅太郎
(1902 - 1999)

- quote -
Umetaro Azechi a Japanese printmaker and mountain climber. He was known for his prints of mountains and people who live in them.
Azechi was born on December 28, 1902 to a poor farming family in what is now Uwajima, Ehime. He enrolled in an art correspondence course where he would send his work to Tokyo for critique. In 1920 he had the opportunity to move there, but returned home to Shikoku after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. He moved back to Tokyo in 1925, where he worked for a printing company.
Azechi's prints were noticed by Unichi Hiratsuka, who took him under his wing. He belonged to the Japan Print Association and the Kokugakai Arts Association. After his works were shown in some of their exhibitions, he quit his job and became a freelance artist. During this time, he was heavily influenced by Maegawa Sempan and Kōshirō Onchi.
During World War II, Azechi was sent to Manchuria. When he returned to Japan, he also immediately returned to making art.
Azechi's work was shown at the São Paulo Art Biennial in 1953. It was also shown at the Lugano International Print Biennial in 1956.
Azechi died on April 12, 1999. The Umetaro Azechi memorial museum opened in Uwajima in 2003.
- Style
His early work was reflective of the monochrome sosaku hanga style. He began to develop his own style in the late 1930s. Azechi became known for his paintings of mountains and the people who live there. He became a regular mountain climber, and became well-known for his writing on the topic. His art style was primitive, but intentionally so in the same way as the naive artists. He used the same striped patterns on both people and animals, showing the similarities between the two. Because he did so many landscapes and art depicting the natural world, he used mostly cool colors like blues, greens, and purples.
Museums that hold Azechi's works include the Museum of Modern Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and the British Museum.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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山の眼玉
畦地梅太郎の郷里である愛媛の山々や奥秩父、北アルプスなどの山行を綴った47編におよぶ紀行随想集。 文章に合わせて随所に挿絵が入り、絵本の体裁にしてあって、見ているだけでも楽しい。 1957年、朋文堂から『山の眼玉』が初めて刊行され、後に1986年、美術出版社版では『山の目玉』と改題されるが、 「平凡社ライブラリー」版で再度『山の眼玉』にもどされた。 「平凡社ライブラリー」版も口絵にカラー8ページを使い、代表的な畦地ワールドを再現しているが、 今回は「山男シリーズ」など、カラー口絵で16ページ組み、読者にさらに親近感をもたせた内容になっている。
source : amazon com




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Daruma だるま
. Daruma Museum Japan .


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Ehime 愛媛県

私の郷里のカッパの話 Stories about the Kappa in my Hometown
A man from outside went to the river side to catch namazu鯰 catfish, but he drowned. This was the bad deed of a Kappa, said the villagers.
The horse of another villager was pulled into the river by the Kappa, but the farmer pulled the horse back and saved it.

. 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art from Japan . 

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

. Japanese Aesthetics エスセティクス - Nihon no bigaku 日本の美学 .

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Kano Painters

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Kano 狩野派 the Kano School of Painters
. the Kano Painters .
Kano Motonobu狩野元信 - Kohogen 古法眼 (1434 - 1530)
Kano Eitoku狩野永徳 (1534 - 1590)
Kano Yukinobu狩野雪信 - Kiyohara Yukinobu 清原雪信 (1643 - 1682) - woman painter
Kano Kazunobu狩野一信 (1816 - 1863)

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

- - - - - This is the most famous tale, told in many places:
Once 狩野法眼 Kano Hogen painted ema絵馬 a votive tablet of a horse.
But the horse left the plate every night and devastated the fields.
So eventually he painted some golden braidle to keep it in place.

It is also told about other animals, for example taka 鷲 an eagle flying away.

................................................................................. Aomori 青森県
弘前市 Hirosaki city

. ryuu, ryū 龍 竜 伝説 Ryu - dragon legends .
At 革秀寺 the Temple Kakushu-Ji there was a painting of unryuu雲竜 Unryu, a cloud dragon.
The dragon would go out every night to the nearby pond to drink.
To keep it in place, they put nails into its eyes.
- Homepage : kakusyuji.or. ... -




................................................................................. Gifu 岐阜県
益田郡 Mashita district下呂町 Gero

Once 狩野法眼 Kano Hogen painted a votive tablet of a horse.
But the horse left the plate every night and devastated the fields.
So eventually he painted some golden braidle to keep it in place.




................................................................................. Kyoto 京都
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狩野元信 Kano Motonobu

Kurama soojoo 鞍馬僧正 a priest from Kurama
Once the Tokugawa Shogun had a dream. He saw 鞍馬僧正 a high priest from Kurama.
The priest asked to have his portrait painted by 狩野元信 Kano Motonobu
and hang the painting in the temple.
When the Shogun told this to Motonobu, he said he had the same dream.
But Motonobu could not paint the priest.
Suddenly a spider came from the ceiling and walked on the paper, making patterns.
Now Motonobu remembered and could paint the priest.




................................................................................. Saitama 埼玉県
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比企郡 Hiki district川島町 Kawajima town

. ryuu, ryū 龍 竜 伝説 Ryu - dragon legends .
狩野法眼 Kano Hogen had painted a mortuary tablet with a dragon for 比企家 the Hiki clan.
But the dragon left every night and devastated the fields.
They had to cut its neck to keep him fixed to the canopy.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
37 狩狩 to explore

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. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art from Japan . 

. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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Shomu Tenno Emperor

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Shoomu Tennoo, Shōmu Tennō 聖武天皇 Emperor Shomu Tenno
(707 - 755 )



- quote
Emperor Shōmu (聖武天皇, Shōmu-tennō, 701 – June 4, 756)
was the 45th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the Nara period.
743 (Tenpyō 15):
The Emperor issues a rescript to build the Daibutsu (Great Buddha), later to be completed at Tōdai-ji, Nara.
- More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Temple 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji .
Yamaguchi, 岩国市周東町上久原神幡 / Iwakuni, Shuto town, Shimo-Kubara, Kamihata
During the reign of 聖武天皇 Emperor Shomu Tenno this temple was greatly enlarged
and had 24 sub-temples. It was called 二井寺山 Niiderazan.

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


. reiki 霊亀 a mysterious turtle, spirit turtle, divine turtle .
In the year 729 of the regency of 聖武天皇 Emperor Shomu Tenno, reiki霊亀 a divine turtle with the inscription
Tenno Kihei Chi Hyakunen 天王貴平知百年 "The Tenno shall be known for 100 Years" was offered.




................................................................................. Chiba 千葉県
印旛郡 Imba district

Matsumushi Hime 松蟲姫 (マツムシヒメ)) Princess Matsumushi
The third daughter of 聖武天皇 Emperor Shomu Tenno was called 松蟲姫 Matsumushi Hime.
She was hated by her stepmother and became seriously ill.
A Samurai from the North wanted her as a wife and took her ot Kanto, but she died.
To appease her soul, he built 松蟲寺 the Temple Matsumushidera (Matsumushi-Dera)

- reference source : matsumushi.com ... -
matsumushi松虫 "pine cricket" (Xenogryllus marmoratus) and bell cricket (Meloimorpha japonicus)




................................................................................. Kanagawa 神奈川県
川崎市 Kawasaki city 中原区 Nakahara ward

. yoogooseki 影向石 Yogoseki Stone with image of Yakushi Nyorai .




................................................................................. Nagasaki 長崎県
諫早市 Isahaya city / 飯盛町 Iimori town

. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 伝説 legends about Kannon .
During the reign of 聖武天皇 the Emperor Shomu Tenno there was a large tsunami,
which covered the village of 田結村 Tayui with mud from the sea.
The statue of Sho Kannon 聖観音 in the village temple felt great compassion
and protected the village, putting a bamboo fence around the rice fields.
Thus the village was saved from the worst damage.




................................................................................. Osaka 大阪府
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shinryuu 神龍 Shinryu Dragon Deity
聖武天皇 The Emperor Shomu Tenno had a dream about s Kannon statue in the West of 平城京 Heijokyo.
He ordered Saint Gyoki Bosatsu to find the statue.
Gyoki held a ritual and then went to the mountain.
He was let by 16 Temple acolytes and came to the right place.
At that moment the mountain was rivers were trembling and shinryuu神龍 a Shinryu Dragon Deity appeared.
The Dragon handed the statue to Gyoki and swore to protect the Buddhist Religion.
When the Emperor heard this, he was very moved, built a temple and venerated the Kannon Statue there.
. Gyooki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu (668 -749) .
. ryuu, ryū 龍 竜 伝説 Ryu - dragon legends .
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
Heijō-kyō (平城京, also Heizei-kyō, sometimes Nara no miyako) was the Capital of Japan
during most of the Nara period, from 710–40 and again from 745–84.


aka ki 閼伽器,juuichimen Kanno 十一面観音の像
良弁僧正 Priest Roben の弟子実忠和尚 Priest Jitchu が、難波の浦を通った時、閼伽器が波に浮かんできた。取ってみた所、十一面観音像が閼伽器に乗っておられた。その丈7寸の銅像であったが、人の肌のように暖かかったという。聖武天皇がその話を聞き、尊んで東大寺 Temple Todai-Ji に安置させた。
. Temple Todai-Ji and Priest Roben .




................................................................................. Tokyo 東京都
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東大和市 Higashiyamato city

reion 霊音, reikoo 霊光
聖武天皇の頃、行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu が遊行で際現村山貯水池近くに至った時、樹林の間から千手陀羅尼(経文) Senju Darani を唱える声が聞こえた。菩薩は樹に掛け霊音を感じつつ経文を唱え、夜四度目を繰り返した時異香が四方に薫り霊光輝き千手千眼の聖人が現じなされた。菩薩は感極まってその後千手の尊像を造った。(山口観世音縁起)
. Gyooki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu (668 -749) .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -


. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .

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Georges Ferdinand Bigot

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Georges Ferdinand Bigot ジョルジュ・フェルディナン・ビゴー
(1860 - 1927)


- quote
a French cartoonist, illustrator and artist.
Although almost unknown in his native country, Bigot is famous in Japan for his satirical cartoons, which depict life in Meiji period Japan.
Bigot was born in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France and was encouraged into the arts by his mother. At the age of twelve, he was accepted by the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he was trained by artists such as Jean-Léon Gérôme and Carolus-Duran. While in school, Bigot was introduced to Japonism and befriended a number of collectors of Japanese art.
He was also impressed with the Japanese pavilion at the Exposition Universelle (1878), all of which aroused in him a strong interest to move to Japan.
In order to pay for the trip, he became an illustrator for newspapers, La Vie Moderne and The World Parisien and sold illustrations for Émile Zola's novel Nana. Bigot arrived in Yokohama in 1882. On arrival, he took lessons in the Japanese language and Japanese painting, and taught watercolor painting to students at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy as an oyatoi gaikokujin. He also sold illustrations to Japanese newspapers, and issued an illustrated book Japanese Sketches.
On the expiry of his government teaching job, he found employment as a French language teacher at a school run by the writer and liberal political philosopher Nakae Chōmin.
He also traveled extensively around Japan.
In 1887, Bigot published a satirical magazine, Tōbaé, in which he illustrated mostly scenes of everyday Japanese life, but also ridiculed Japanese politicians and what he felt to be excesses of in the Westernization of Japan.
The newspaper had to be published in Yokohama for fear of Japanese censors.
During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), Bigot traveled to Korea on special assignment from the English magazine London Graphic.
In 1895, Bigot married Masu Sano and fathered a son named Maurice.
However, with the revision of the unequal treaties and the end of extraterritoriality in Japan in 1899, Bigot decided to return to France.
He divorced his wife, but kept custody of their son. After his return to France, he worked for Le Chat Noir and other French magazines and newspapers. He also provided cartoons depicting the Second Boer War and the Russo-Japanese War.
On retirement, he moved to Bièvres, Essonne, where he died in 1927.
- More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Georges Bigot and Japan, 1882-1899 Satirist, Illustrator and Artist Extraordinaire
edited by Christian Polak and Hugh Cortazzi
- quote
Incorporating over 250 illustrations, this is the first comprehensive study in English of French artist and caricaturist George Ferdinand Bigot (1860-1927) who, during the last two decades of the nineteenth century, was renowned in Japan but barely known in his own country.
Even today, examples of his cartoons appear in Japanese school textbooks.
Inspired by what he saw of Japanese culture and way of life at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1878, Bigot managed to find his way to Japan in 1882 and immediately set about developing his career as an artist working in pen and ink, watercolours and oils.
He also quickly exploited his talent as a highly skilled sketch artist and cartoonist.
His output was prodigious and included regular commissions from The Graphic and various Japanese as well as French journals.
He left Japan in 1899, never to return. The volume includes a full introduction of the life, work and artistry of Bigot by Christian Polak, together with an essay by Hugh Cortazzi on Charles Wirgman, publisher of Japan Punch. Wirgman was Bigot's 'predecessor' and friend (he launched his own satirical magazine Tôbaé in 1887, the year Japan Punch closed).
Georges Bigot and Japan also makes a valuable contribution to Meiji Studies and the history of both Franco- and Anglo-Japanese relations, as well as the role of art in modern international relations.
- source : isdistribution.com... -


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- quote -
Charles Wirgman (1832 - 1891)
was an English artist and cartoonist, the creator of the Japan Punch and illustrator in China and Meiji period-Japan for the Illustrated London News.
Wirgman was the eldest son of Ferdinand Charles Wirgman (1806–57) and brother of Theodore Blake Wirgman. He married Ozawa Kane in 1863, and the couple had one son.
Wirgman arrived in Japan in 1861 as a correspondent for the Illustrated London News, and resided in Yokohama from 1861 until his death.
He published the first magazine in Japan, the Japan Punch, monthly between 1862 and spring 1887.
Like its British namesake, the magazine was written in a humorous, often satirical manner, and was illustrated with Wirgman's cartoons.
Wirgman formed a partnership called "Beato & Wirgman, Artists and Photographers" with Felice Beato from 1864 to 1867.
Wirgman again produced illustrations derived from Beato's photographs while Beato photographed some of Wirgman's sketches and other works.
Wirgman taught western-style drawing and painting techniques to a number of Japanese artists, possibly including the ukiyo-e artist Kobayashi Kiyochika.
From 1865 he had Goseda Yoshimatsu and Kanō Tomonobu as his pupils.
In 1866 he taught Takahashi Yuichi, sponsoring his work for the International Exposition of 1867.
He also was briefly an English tutor, most notably to the future Admiral Tōgō, then a young cadet.
In the 1860s, he accompanied British envoy Sir Ernest Satow on a number of journeys around Japan as described in Satow's Diplomat in Japan.
Wirgman's grave is in the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Gotoba Tenno Emperor

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Gotoba Tenno 後鳥羽天皇 / 後鳥羽上皇
(1180 - 1239)


- quote
Emperor Go-Toba 後鳥羽天皇 Go-Toba-tennō
(August 6, 1180 – March 28, 1239) was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198.
This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Toba".
The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Toba the Second" or as "Toba II".
Go-Toba took the throne at the age of three.
- More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


onryoo 怨霊,宇治悪左府,北野天神,讃岐院,隠岐院
『太平記』巻25「天龍寺事」によれば、宇治悪左府(藤原頼長)・北野天神(菅原道真)・讃岐院(崇徳上皇)・隠岐院(後鳥羽天皇)はそれぞれ怨霊であったが、それぞれ贈官・奉爵・追尊号などし、また廟所などを建ててまつることで、みな王朝鎮護の神となったという。

- - - - -

kyuubi no yooko 九尾の妖狐 a monster fox with 9 tails
玉藻の前 Tamamo no Mae br />人を誑かす美人は、後鳥羽帝の御宇に現れた玉藻前の子孫であり金毛九尾狐であるだろう。天子諸侯も心をゆるしその狐に誑かされると天下国家をも失ってしまう。


................................................................................. Kanagawa 神奈川県
中郡 平塚市 Hiratsuka city
migawari Jizo 身代地蔵
後鳥羽院代、刀で切られたり首を落とされた者の身代わりとなって地蔵が傷ついた。身代わりになってもらった人は無傷で助かった。




................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県
三次市 Miyoshi city 吉舎町 Kisa town

kaeru 蛙 a frog
五月雨の頃、後鳥羽上皇が隠岐の島に流された際、水田の蛙が騒がしくて眠れなかった。上皇は蛙に、真心があるなら鳴き声を止めてくれと頼んだ。すると、騒々しかった蛙の鳴き声がやんだ。それから数百年経った現在でもここでは蛙が鳴かないという。




................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府
京都市 Kyoto city

saishi no yoru heian 祭祀による平安 peace through a special ritual
安元3年、樋口富小路より出た火は神祇官に及び、御正体が焼失した。その年の11月に、後白河法皇は平清盛によって鳥羽殿へ閉じ込められ、後鳥羽院は佐渡国へ移され、天皇は武家の食客のようになり世が乱れた。元和の頃漸く平穏になったのは、神社を造営し祭祀礼奠を厳重に行って復古したためだ。




................................................................................. Nara 奈良県

waka 和歌 Waka poems
大和の国勝田山善福寺 the Temple Zenpuku-Ji という寺に後鳥羽院が行幸した折、池の蛙の声に趣があったのに、風が強くて聞こえなくなったので、「蛙なく勝田の池の夕たたみきかまし物を松かぜの音」と詠むと、風音が止んだ。




................................................................................. Shiga 滋賀県

takusen たくせん / 託宣 oracle
夜が更け、幼い童が寝ていたところ、急におびえて後鳥羽院の御前に走り行き託宣をした。院が日吉の社に詣でた夜のことである。

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犬上郡 Inukami district 多賀町 Taga town

enmeishu 莚命酒 the origin of the term "enmei shu"
莚命酒という名の由来。後鳥羽帝の時代大和の国に俊乗坊重源という僧が68歳で南都東大寺大仏殿再建の勅命をうけたが、建立まで自分の余命が無いのを嘆き、多賀の大社に参籠して祈願した。すると不思議な霊験によって「莚」という字を授かった。その後十四年を経て再建成就し、莚命酒と称した酒を神酒にし、後世に伝えようとした。




................................................................................. Shimane 島根県
隠岐郡 Oki district 海士町 Ama town

蛙の声をとめる和歌
後鳥羽院が隠岐に流された時、「蛙鳴く勝田の池の夕だたみきかましものはまつかぜの音」と詠んだところ、勝田の池の蛙は今も鳴かないという。また風は松の枝を鳴らさないという。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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